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How Many Animals Are Slaughtered Each Year

Written By Sunday, May 22, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Killing of animals for human food

The Butcher and his Servant (1568), drawn and engraved by Jost Amman

Number of Country Animals Killed for Meat in 2019[1]
Animals Number Killed
Chickens

72,118,779,000

Ducks

3,311,899,000

Pigs

1,348,541,419

Geese

723,648,000

Turkeys

635,955,000

Rabbits

633,013,000

Sheep

602,319,130

Goats

502,808,495

Cattle

324,518,029

Rodents

70,977,000

Pigeons and other birds

46,216,000

Water buffalo

27,692,388

Horses

4,940,693

Camels

two,991,884

Donkeys

1,958,602

Other camelids

967,656

Deers

628,542

Mules

130,804

Animal slaughter is the killing of animals, unremarkably referring to killing domestic livestock. It is estimated that each year lxxx billion state animals are slaughtered for food.[i] In full general, the animals would be killed for nutrient; nevertheless, they might also be slaughtered for other reasons such as being diseased and unsuitable for consumption. The slaughter involves some initial cut, opening the major body cavities to remove the entrails and offal but normally leaving the carcass in one piece. Such dressing can be done by hunters in the field (field dressing of game) or in a slaughterhouse. Afterwards, the carcass is usually butchered into smaller cuts.

The animals almost unremarkably slaughtered for food are cattle and h2o buffalo for beefiness and veal, sheep for lamb and mutton, goats for goat meat, pigs for pork, deers for venison, horses for horse meat, poultry (mainly chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese), insects (a commercial species is the business firm cricket), and increasingly, fish in the aquaculture industry (fish farming). In 2020, Faunalytics found that the countries with the largest number of slaughtered cows and chickens are China, the United states, and Brazil. Concerning pigs, they are slaughtered by far the nigh in Mainland china, followed by the United States, Deutschland, Spain, Vietnam, and Brazil. Looking at the per centum graph for sheep, we notice over again that Cathay slaughtered the about sheep, this time followed by Australia and New Zealand. Finally, the amount (in tonnes) of fish used for product is highest in China, Republic of indonesia, Peru, India, Russian federation, and the Us (in that order).[2]

Modern history [edit]

The use of a sharpened blade for the slaughtering of livestock has been practised throughout history. Prior to the evolution of electrical stunning equipment, some species were killed by only hitting them with a blunt instrument, sometimes followed by exsanguination with a knife.[ citation needed ]

The belief that this was unnecessarily cruel and painful to the beast eventually led to the adoption of specific stunning and slaughter methods in many countries. Ane of the first campaigners on the thing was the eminent md, Benjamin Ward Richardson, who spent many years of his later working life developing more humane methods of slaughter as a effect of attempting to discover and accommodate substances capable of producing full general or local anaesthesia to relieve pain in people. Equally early every bit 1853, he designed a bedroom that could kill animals by gassing them. He also founded the Model Abattoir Club in 1882 to investigate and entrada for humane methods of slaughter and experimented with the use of electrical current at the Royal Polytechnic Establishment.[iii]

The development of stunning technologies occurred largely in the first half of the twentieth century. In 1911, the Quango of Justice to Animals (later the Humane Slaughter Association, or HSA) was established in England to improve the slaughter of livestock.[4] In the early 1920s, the HSA introduced and demonstrated a mechanical stunner, which led to the adoption of humane stunning by many local regime.[5]

The HSA went on to play a key role in the passage of the Slaughter of Animals Act 1933. This fabricated the mechanical stunning of cows and electrical stunning of pigs compulsory, with the exception of Jewish and Muslim meat.[5] [vi] Mod methods, such as the captive bolt pistol and electrical tongs were required, and the deed'due south wording specifically outlawed the poleaxe. The menstruum was marked past the evolution of various innovations in slaughterhouse technologies, not all of them particularly long-lasting.[ citation needed ]

Methods [edit]

Stunning [edit]

Various methods are used to return an animal unconscious during animal slaughter.

Electrical (stunning or slaughtering with electrical electric current known every bit electronarcosis)
This method is used for swine, sheep, calves, cattle, and goats.[ citation needed ] Electric current is applied either across the brain or the heart to render the creature unconscious before being killed. In industrial slaughterhouses, chickens are killed prior to scalding by being passed through an electrified water-bath while shackled.[7]
Gaseous (Carbon dioxide)
This method can be used for sheep, calves and swine. The animal is asphyxiated past the utilize of CO2 gas before being killed. In several countries, COii stunning is mainly used on pigs. A number of pigs enter a chamber which is then sealed and filled with eighty% to ninety% CO2 in air. The pigs lose consciousness within xiii to 30 seconds. Older research produced conflicting results, with some showing pigs tolerated CO2 stunning and others showing they did non.[8] [9] [10] Withal, the current scientific consensus is that the "inhalation of high concentration of carbon dioxide is aversive and tin be distressing to animals."[11] Nitrogen has been used to induce unconsciousness, oftentimes in conjunction with CO2. Domestic turkeys are averse to high concentrations of COtwo (72% CO2 in air) but non low concentrations (a mixture of 30% COii and sixty% argon in air with iii% rest oxygen).[12]

Stunning a cow with a captive commodities pistol

A hen being slaughtered in Brazil

Mechanical (Captive bolt pistol)
This method can be used for sheep, swine, goats, calves, cattle, horses, mules, and other equines. A captive bolt pistol is practical to the head of the animal to quickly render them unconscious before beingness killed. In that location are iii types of captive commodities pistols, penetrating, non-penetrating and costless bolt. The use of penetrating captive bolts has largely been discontinued in commercial situations to minimize the risk of transmission of illness when parts of the encephalon enter the bloodstream.[ commendation needed ]
Firearm (gunshot/free bullet)
This method can be used for cattle, calves, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules, and other equines. It is also the standard method for taking downward wild game animals such equally deer with the intention of consuming their meat. A conventional firearm is used to burn down a bullet into the brain or through the heart of the beast to render the animal quickly unconscious (and presumably expressionless).

Killing [edit]

Video of hen being slaughtered

Exsanguination
The brute either has its throat cutting or has a chest stick inserted cut close to the heart. In both these methods, main veins and/or arteries are cut and allowed to bleed.[13] [fourteen]
Manual
Used on poultry and other animals; dissimilar methods are proficient, here are some examples: a) grabbing the bird past the head then snapping its neck using quick and fast movements b) the bird is put upside down within a metallic funnel, then the head is either quickly cutting or hit using the back end of a machete or pocketknife. c) cattle, sheep and goats are tied then struck multiple times in the head with a sledgehammer until the animal dies or losses consciousness.
Drug administration
Drug administration is used to ensure the animal is expressionless.[ citation needed ] However, being that this method is expensive, time-consuming, and renders the animals' bodies toxic and inedible, it is mainly used for brute euthanasia, not every bit a commercialized slaughter method.

Preslaughter handling [edit]

Inside a truck transporting farm animals to slaughter. Dehydration, injuries, stress, and disease are common during preslaughter ship, and cramped and unhygienic weather are typical of the process.

Whether animals are humanely stunned earlier slaughter or not, they tin suffer stress while waiting to be killed.[15] A 1996 veterinary review found that there are many means in which animals suffer and die during the preslaughter menstruum. They include:

  • Dehydration: Animals may non be provided with water at marketplace or during their journeying to the slaughterhouse and may go far dehydrated. The furnishings of astringent dehydration include severe thirst, nausea, a hot-dry body, dry tongue, loss of co-ordination and concentrated urine of a small volume.
  • Emotional stress during transport: The unfamiliarity of being on board a ship truck causes fright in animals, and if they are cooped up with others who they do non know, they may showtime fighting. The noise and jolting of the truck also causes stress and cows, pigs, horses and birds are at item risk of suffering from motion sickness.
  • Temperature stress during transport: Some animals die because of the heat that develops in the closely confined weather on board the send truck. During send, animals are not able to express all the behaviors which normally allow them to go along cool like seeking shade, wallowing, licking their fur or stretching their wings and legs. During transport the only useful manner they can dissipate heat is by panting. In colder climates, the animals can be exposed to extreme depression temperatures, resulting in hypothermia.
  • Torn skin, bruising and injury: Caused by crude handling of animals, such as beating the animals with sticks when they reject to motion forrard or dragging them along the ground when they fall downward. The insults which pb to bruising may exist painful, and the swelling and inflammation associated with a bruise pb to a longer-lasting pain.
  • Sickness and disease: Farmers vary betwixt countries in their attitude equally to which sick and diseased animals tin can be sent for slaughter. Some take the view that the slaughterhouses are expert at salvaging what they can from carcasses and so most diseased animals are sent in, whereas in other countries farmers appreciate that diseased stock are depression grade and their likely low render does not justify sending them in. Sickness and disease are two of the about serious forms of animal suffering and transporting seriously ill animals imposes an additional stress.
  • Fecal soiling: In some countries, especially where animals come up off lush pasture, send is the main menses when they pick up trunk surface fecal contagion. The emotional stress associated with transport no doubt induces defecation and this compounds the trouble.

National laws [edit]

Europe [edit]

A pig being slaughtered in Italy.

The measures for germ-free checks, animal welfare protection and slaughtering procedures are harmonised throughout the European Union, and detailed past the European Commissions' regulations CE 853/2004, 854/2004 and 1099/2009.[ citation needed ]

Canada [edit]

In Canada, the handling and slaughter of food animals is a shared responsibility of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), industry, stakeholders, transporters, operators and every person who handles alive animals. Canadian law requires that all federally registered slaughter establishments ensure that all species of nutrient animals are handled and slaughtered humanely. The CFIA verifies that federal slaughter establishments are compliant with the Meat Inspection Regulations. The CFIA's humane slaughter requirements take result when the animals get in at the federally registered slaughter establishment. Manufacture is required to comply with the Meat Inspection Regulations for all animals nether their care. The Meat Inspection Regulations define the weather for the humane slaughter of all species of food animals in federally registered establishments. Some of the provisions contained in the regulations include:

  • guidelines and procedures for the proper unloading, belongings and move of animals in slaughter facilities
  • requirements for the segregation and handling of sick or injured animals
  • requirements for the humane slaughter of food animals[16]

U.k. [edit]

Brute slaughter in the Uk is governed under both its ain laws and EU law regarding slaughter. The Section for Environment, Nutrient and Rural Affairs (Defra) is the main governing trunk responsible for legislation and codes of practice covering fauna slaughter in the Great britain.[ citation needed ]

In the Uk the methods of slaughter are largely the aforementioned as those used in the Usa with some differences. The utilize of captive bolt equipment and electrical stunning are approved methods of stunning sheep, goats, cattle and calves for consumption[xiv]- with the use of gas reserved for swine.[17]

Until 2004, information technology was illegal to slaughter animals in sight of their conspecifics (members of the same species) because information technology was thought to cause them distress. Yet, there was a business organization that moving the animals away from their conspecifics to a different place to exist slaughtered would increase the stun-to-impale time (fourth dimension betwixt stunning the animal and killing it) for the stunned animal, increasing the risk the fauna would regain consciousness and information technology was consequently recommended that slaughter in forepart of conspecifics be permitted alongside a mandatory limit on stun-to-kill fourth dimension. Legislation was introduced which immune animals to exist slaughtered in sight of their conspecifics but in that location was no legislation for a legal maximum stun-to-kill time. Some critics argue that this resulted in the "worst of both worlds", every bit it mean that the slaughter methods at present caused distress to conspecifics without reliably ensuring the animals were killed before regaining consciousness.[18]

Usa [edit]

In the Usa, the United states Department of Agronomics (USDA) specifies the canonical methods of livestock slaughter:[19]

Each of these methods is outlined in particular, and the regulations crave that inspectors identify operations which crusade "undue" "excitement and discomfort" of animals.

In 1958, the law that is enforced today by the USDA Nutrient Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) was passed as the Humane Slaughter Deed of 1958. This Act requires the proper treatment and humane handling of all food animals slaughtered in USDA inspected slaughter plants. It does not use to chickens or other birds.[twenty]

4D Meat [edit]

Meat from animals which are dead, diseased, disabled or dying (iv-D meat) on the inflow at the slaughterhouse is often salvaged for rendering,[21] and used by a wide range of industries including pet food manufacturers, zoos, greyhound kennels, and mink ranches.[22]

The U.S. Lawmaking (Title 21, Chapter 12, Subchapter Ii, § 644) [23] Regulates transactions, transportation, or importation of four–D animals to prevent use as human nutrient:

"No person, firm, or corporation engaged in the concern of buying, selling, or transporting in commerce, or importing, expressionless, dying, disabled, or diseased animals, or any parts of the carcasses of whatever animals that died otherwise than by slaughter, shall purchase, sell, transport, offer for sale or transportation, or receive for transportation, in commerce, or import, any expressionless, dying, disabled, or diseased cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules or other equines, or parts of the carcasses of any such animals that died otherwise than by slaughter, unless such transaction, transportation or importation is fabricated in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe to assure that such animals, or the unwholesome parts or products thereof, will be prevented from being used for human nutrient purposes."

The 2004 report to US Congress titled "Animal Rendering: Economic science and Policy",[24] bachelor in the library of Congressional Research Service, in the 'Introduction' paragraph explains Renderers in the US and Canada convert dead animals and other waste fabric into sellable products:

"Renderers convert dead animals and animal parts that otherwise would crave disposal into a diverseness of materials, including edible and inedible tallow and lard and proteins such equally meat and bone meal (MBM). These materials in plough are exported or sold to domestic manufacturers of a wide range of industrial and consumer goods such as livestock feed and pet nutrient, soaps, pharmaceuticals, lubricants, plastics, personal care products, and even crayons."

Although some authors have constitute health problems associated with the consumption of 4D meat by sure species in its raw course,[25] or found it potentially hazardous,[26] FDA considers it fit for beast consumption:

"Pet nutrient consisting of material from diseased animals or animals which have died otherwise than by slaughter, which is in violation of 402(a)(5) will not ordinarily be actionable, if it is not otherwise in violation of the law. Information technology will be considered fit for animal consumption." [27]

Religious laws [edit]

Ritual slaughter is the overarching term accounting for diverse methods of slaughter used by religions around the world for food production. While keeping religious autonomy, these methods of slaughter, inside the United States, are governed by the Humane Slaughter Act and various religion-specific laws, most notably, Shechita and Dhabihah.

Jewish law (Shechita) [edit]

Animal slaughter in Judaism falls in accordance to the religious police force of Shechita. In preparation, the animal being prepared for slaughter must be considered kosher (fit) before the human action of slaughter can commence and consumed. The basic law of the Shechita process requires the rapid and uninterrupted severance of the major vital organs and vessels. They slit the pharynx, resulting in a quick drop in blood pressure level, restricting blood to the encephalon. This abrupt loss of pressure results in the rapid and irreversible abeyance of consciousness and sensibility to hurting (a requirement held in high regard past virtually institutions.)[28]

Islamic law (Dhabihah) [edit]

Animal slaughtering in Islam is in accordance with the Qur'an. To slaughter an animal is to cause it to laissez passer from a living state to a expressionless state. For the meat to be lawful (Halal) according to Islam, it must come up from an animal which is a member of a lawful species and it must be ritually slaughtered, i.e. according to the Law, or the sole code recognized past the group as legitimate. The animal is killed in ways similar to the Jewish ritual with the throat being slit (dhabh), resulting in a quick drop in blood pressure level, restricting blood to the encephalon. This abrupt loss of pressure results in the rapid and irreversible cessation of consciousness and sensibility to pain (a requirement held in high regard by most institutions.). The slaughterer must say Bismillah (In the name of Allah/God) before slaughtering the animal.[29] Blood must be drained out of the carcass.[30]

Sikh community (Jhatka) [edit]

The practice of Jhatka in Republic of india developed out of the Sikh tradition in accordance with the value of Ahimsa (no harm). Sikhs believe that an animal should be slaughtered speedily and with every bit little pain every bit possible in order to reduce bad Karma that may result from such a practice. In Republic of india today virtually establishments will provide both Halal and Jhatka options for dishes containing chicken and lamb. Jhakta meat is not widely bachelor outside India. Jhatka meat is too frequently considered to be the preferred method of slaughter for Sikhs in India and abroad.

Furnishings on livestock workers [edit]

In 2010, Human being Rights Watch described slaughter-house line piece of work in the United States as a human rights criminal offence.[31] Slaughterhouses in the United states of america usually illegally employ and exploit underage workers and illegal immigrants.[32] [33] In a report by Oxfam America, slaughterhouse workers were observed not being allowed breaks, were often required to wear diapers, and were paid beneath minimum wage.[34]

American slaughterhouse workers are 3 times more likely to suffer serious injury than the average American worker.[35] NPR reports that pig and cattle slaughterhouse workers are nigh seven times more probable to suffer repetitive strain injuries than boilerplate.[36] The Guardian reports that on boilerplate there are two amputations a week involving slaughterhouse workers in the Us.[37] On average, 1 employee of Tyson Foods, the largest meat producer in America, is injured and amputates a finger or limb per month.[38] The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reported that over a period of six years, in the UK 78 slaughter workers lost fingers, parts of fingers or limbs, more than 800 workers had serious injuries, and at least 4,500 had to take more than iii days off after accidents.[39] In a 2018 written report in the Italian Journal of Food Safety, slaughterhouse workers are instructed to vesture ear protectors to protect their hearing from the constant screams of animals being killed.[forty] A 2004 written report in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine found that "excess risks were observed for mortality from all causes, all cancers, and lung cancer" in workers employed in the New Zealand meat processing industry.[41]

The worst thing, worse than the physical danger, is the emotional toll. If you work in the stick pit [where hogs are killed] for any menstruum of fourth dimension—that let'south [sic] you kill things just doesn't permit you lot care. You lot may await a hog in the middle that's walking around in the blood pit with you and call back, 'God, that really isn't a bad looking animal.' You may want to pet it. Pigs down on the kill flooring accept come to nuzzle me similar a puppy. 2 minutes later I had to kill them – beat them to death with a pipe. I can't intendance.

—Gail A. Eisnitz, [42]

The act of slaughtering animals, or of raising or transporting animals for slaughter, may engender psychological stress or trauma in the people involved.[43] [44] [45] A 2016 written report in Organization indicates, "Regression analyses of information from 10,605 Danish workers across 44 occupations suggest that slaughterhouse workers consistently feel lower concrete and psychological well-being along with increased incidences of negative coping behavior."[46] In her thesis submitted to and canonical by University of Colorado, Anna Dorovskikh states that slaughterhouse workers are "at gamble of Perpetration-Inducted Traumatic Stress, which is a course of posttraumatic stress disorder and results from situations where the apropos subject suffering from PTSD was a causal participant in creating the traumatic situation."[47] A 2009 study past criminologist Amy Fitzgerald indicates, "slaughterhouse employment increases total arrest rates, arrests for violent crimes, arrests for rape, and arrests for other sexual practice offenses in comparing with other industries."[48] As authors from the PTSD Journal explain, "These employees are hired to impale animals, such as pigs and cows that are largely gentle creatures. Carrying out this activity requires workers to disconnect from what they are doing and from the creature standing earlier them. This emotional racket can atomic number 82 to consequences such as domestic violence, social withdrawal, feet, drug and alcohol abuse, and PTSD."[49]

Public attitudes [edit]

Even though around 90% of The states adults regularly swallow meat,[50] most half of them appear to support a ban on slaughterhouses: in Sentience Institute's 2017 survey on attitudes towards animal farming with ane,094 US adults 49% of them "support a ban on manufacturing plant farming, 47% support a ban on slaughterhouses, and 33% support a ban on animal farming".[51] [52] [53] The 2017 survey was replicated by researchers at the Oklahoma State University, who found similar result. They likewise got 73% of respondents answering "yeah" to the question "Were you aware that slaughterhouses are where livestock are killed and processed into meat, such that, without them, you lot would not be able to consume meat?".[54] [55]

In the United States, many public protestation slaughters were held in the late 1960s and early on 1970s by the National Farmers Organization. Protesting low prices for meat, farmers would kill their ain animals in front end of media representatives. The carcasses were wasted and not eaten. However, this effort backfired because it angered telly audiences to encounter animals being needlessly and wastefully killed.[56]

Animal welfare [edit]

At that place has been controversy over whether or not animals should be slaughtered and over the various methods used. Some people believe sentient beings should not be harmed regardless of the purpose, or that meat production is an insufficient justification for harm.[57]

Religious slaughter laws and practices have e'er been a subject of debate, and the certification and labeling of meat products remain to be standardized. Animal welfare concerns are being addressed to improve slaughter practices by providing more training and new regulations. There are differences between conventional and religious slaughter practices, although both take been criticized on grounds of fauna welfare. Concerns about religious slaughter focus on the stress caused during the grooming stages before the slaughtering, hurting and distress that may be experienced during and subsequently the neck cut and the worry of a prolonged period of fourth dimension of lost encephalon role during the points betwixt death and preparation if a stunning technique such equally electronarcosis is non applied.[58]

See too [edit]

  • Animal sacrifice
  • Carnism
  • Controlled-temper killing
  • Fish slaughter
  • Horse slaughter
  • Ike jime, a Japanese method of slaughtering fish
  • Meat
  • Pig slaughter
  • Udhiyyah or Qurbani, the cede of a livestock animal according to Islamic law

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External links [edit]

  • Canada Agricultural Products Act R.South., 1985, c. 20 (fourth Supp.)
  • Humane Slaughter of Livestock Regulations
  • Slovak Sus scrofa Slaughter and Traditional Sausage Making – commodity in English with detailed pictures of a Slovak family slaughtering a pig in the traditional manner
  • Live Counter About Slaughtered Animals Worldwide

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_slaughter

Posted by: robertsrabing.blogspot.com

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